Toxicity to humans and animals
In autumn, medlars develop numerous red or blue fruits that are reminiscent of small apples. In addition to their decorative character, the fruits fulfill another function in winter. They are popular food for birds. While some animals such as horses can experience severe symptoms of poisoning after consumption, there is only a low risk of poisoning for humans.
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Overview: the plant poison
The leaves, stems, fruits and seeds of some common loquat species contain cyanogenic glycosides. These plant poisons are contained in numerous seeds of the rose family and consist of a combination of alcohol, carbohydrates and a nitrile group. This chemical compound is not yet toxic in itself. When certain enzymes dissolve the compound, hydrogen cyanide is produced. If horses eat the plant parts, the hydrocyanic acid intervenes in the energy metabolism within a short time. The tissue cannot absorb oxygen. This leads to muscle cramps, an increased heart rate and rapid breathing.
Symptoms in humans:
- Headache and dizziness
- Nausea and vomiting
- diarrhea
Plant safely
Not all types and varieties of medlars are suspected of being poisonous. There is nothing to worry about when planting the popular 'Red Robin' variety. In environments where children play, you should ensure that the faded inflorescences are pruned regularly. This prevents fruits from developing that encourage children to snack. In the area of paddocks and pastures, you should refrain from planting hedges made of medlars, or cut back the branches so that no animals can eat them.