Medicinal valerian: cultivation, care & use

Medicinal valerian is one of the best plants that is effective for restlessness and sleep disorders. We show how it grows splendidly in every garden!

The real medicinal valerian (Valerianaofficinalis) belongs to the honeysuckle family (Capricoliaceae). The lamb's lettuce (Valerianella) is a famous member of the same plant family and thus closely related to valerian. With a height of one to 2 m, the hardy herb towers over many other colleagues in the local herb garden. Valerian is native to Europe and Western Asia. The above-ground parts of the plant die off in winter and the robust perennial overwinters in the form of rhizomes in the ground. Rhizomes are subterranean shoot axes that are mainly used for spreading but also for wintering.

Because of its idiosyncratic smell, there are a number of myths about valerian. This is how a valerian bouquet should be like a Mistletoe hung in the door frame to keep the evil spirits away. However, if you place it in the beehive, it should prevent the loss of the bee colony and even attract more. In the Middle Ages, if an executioner was too tender, he managed to chew the valerian rhizome: then the herb was said to arouse anger so that the executioner no longer felt sorry for the guilty party. The Pied Piper of Hamelin, on the other hand, carried valerian with him to lure the rats with the unpleasant smell out of their holes. A multitude of stories and myths have grown up around the herb. You certainly don't want to try everything to find out which are true and which are not. It is true, however, that valerian helps with restlessness and sleep disorders. In addition, despite its strong smell, it can be used in the kitchen. We show you how you can grow this versatile herb in your own garden.

Synonyms: cat's weed, stinker, witch's herb

Growing valerian: this is how it grows successfully

Location

A sunny location is ideal for the valerian, but it is also satisfied with partial shade. He feels comfortable on a rather damp ground. However, this should not be wet or tend to waterlogging; this is also not good for valerian. Because of this preference, valerian can often be found in the wild at the edges of waters. In the case of heavy subsoil (such as loamy soil), it is advisable to loosen it up with sand. This favors the formation of the fine roots and the rhizome. After the valerian has been harvested, it is essential to change the location for the next year (of course only if another year of cultivation is desired). If valerian is grown again and again in the same place, this promotes infestation with typical diseases. Neither valerian nor the closely related lamb's lettuce should be grown on the site for four to five years.

Mainly because of the high water requirement and the formation of the rhizomes, the container should be large enough when growing valerian in a pot. If there is only a small root space available, on the one hand a lot has to be poured, on the other hand the coveted rhizomes of the valerian remain smaller and not so much can be harvested.

Multiplication

The most common way to propagate valerian yourself is by sowing it. It is best to spread the seeds in March or early April. Direct sowing outdoors is too risky due to the risk of frost, so it is better to place it in the seed box on the windowsill. Valerian is a light germ. If the sowing is covered with soil, this makes germination of the seeds, which is already very protracted, more difficult. Therefore, just press the seed a little and make sure that it remains evenly moistened. It takes four to six weeks, even if it is warm at home, before the first seedlings appear.

Tip: It is best to always use fresh seeds from the previous year. Valerian quickly loses its ability to germinate with increasing storage time. Then it takes even longer for the seeds to germinate or, in the worst case, nothing at all to sprout up.

Due to its rhizome, the valerian multiplies by itself. Therefore, when planting out in the bed, care should be taken to ensure that there is enough space between the individual plants. So they still have enough space to spread out and unfold.

Watering and fertilizing

Since the valerian also feels more comfortable in areas with a little more water, it must also be regularly and consistently supplied with water. Drought is not good for the medicinal herb. Drought lasting several days can even affect him so badly that he does not survive the dry spell. Even the root system does not extend very deeply into the ground for water reserves lying deep in the ground to be reached.

If the valerian is planted in a humus-rich soil, no further fertilization is required. When cultivating in a pot, however, it can be an advantage to re-fertilize from time to time. A primarily organic long-term fertilizer like ours Plantura organic universal fertilizer works for three months and also stimulates soil life.

care

The valerian itself does not require any special care measures. No protective measures against frost need to be taken in winter. The above-ground parts of the plant die in autumn. The rhizome in the ground, which survives the winter, bristles the frost with ease.

Occasionally, however, valerian can be affected by pests. Aphids should best simply be showered off. If the plants are too dense, it can also happen that a whitish fungal lawn forms on the upper side of the leaves. That is mildew. In this case, the plants should be planted further apart and, if additional fertilization has been carried out, the application of additional nutrients should be discontinued.

In our guide to the Cultivation of valerian find even more tips and tricks!

Medicinal valerian: harvesting and storing

Of main interest is the root or rhizome. This contains the effective essential oils and other ingredients in high concentrations. In order to be able to bring in a rich harvest, it is advisable not to dig up the roots until the plant is two years old. Then it is slowly dried, whereby the characteristic smell develops. When dried, the rhizome can be stored for several months.

The ripe seeds can not only be sown in the next year, but used in a similar way to the root. After the inflorescences have matured and turned brown, they are cut off and dried again. Then the seeds can be easily removed.

More about Harvest, storage and effects of valerian You will find here.

Use of valerian: ingredients and effects

Valerian is rich in effective essential oils, especially in the underground rhizome, but also in the seeds. The alkaloids they contain create a distinctive odor for cats and have a stimulating effect on them, similar to catnip. The dried rhizomes are among the most commonly used herbal active ingredients as a sedative for restlessness or sleep disorders. Dried, it can be administered in different ways: as a tea or tincture or in the form of tablets or capsules. Preparations with valerian should not be administered to children due to the unknown effect on the child's organism.

But valerian finds its way into the kitchen more often than you think. In the food industry, valerian extract is used to create apple flavor in ice cream or pastries. The young budding herb in spring can be processed very well in a salad with its close relative - the lamb's lettuce.

Valerian is a tried and tested medicinal plant that is still widely used medicinally today. Countless myths have grown up around the idiosyncratic smell, but thanks to its versatile uses and the ornamental flower, this herb has earned a place in the home garden.