More than 200 kinds
There are more than 200 types of valerian around the world. Around 20 of these species are native to Europe. Here are a few examples with their Latin name and area of distribution.
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| Surname | Latin name | Distribution area (s) |
|---|---|---|
| Real valerian | Valeriana officinalis | Europe, Asia |
| Creeping medicinal valerian | Valeriana procurrens | Germany |
| Three-leaf valerian | Valeriana tripteris | Southern Europe |
| Tuberous valerian | Valeriana tuberosa | Southeast Europe, West Asia |
| Narrow-leaved valerian | Valeriana wallrothii | Germany, Austria |
| Rock Valerian | Valeriana saxatilis | Switzerland to Albania |
| Mountain Valerian | Valeriana montana | Central to Southern Europe |
| Western valerian | Valeriana occidentalis | United States |
| Small valerian | Valeriana dioica | Europe to Central Asia, USA, Canada |
| Sharp-leaved valerian | Valeriana acutiloba | United States |
| Heady valerian | Valeriana capitata | Alaska, Canada, Russia |
| Indian nard | Valeriana jatamansi | Afghanistan, India, China |
| Real Speik | Valeriana celtica | Alps |
All types of valerian have the following features in common:
- belong to the genus of valerian plants
- are more or less curative
- Roots have a strong smell
- have a sleep-promoting and relaxing effect
- contain essential oils
- contain alkaloids
The best known valerian: Valeriana officinalis
Valeriana officinalis is also known as real valerian. It is common in Europe, but also occurs in Siberia, Russia, China and Japan, among others. He prefers sunny to partially shaded locations with moist soils.
Its herbaceous growth rises 1 to 2 m high. The lush green, unpaired feathered ones leaves grow up to 20 cm long and consist of lanceolate individual leaves. the Heyday lasts from May to July.
Other valerians that play an important role as useful plants
These types of valerian are also known:
- Genuine Speik: 15 cm high, spike-shaped flowers from June to August, yellowish to red-brown
- Indian spikenard: up to 60 cm high, loves dry ones Locations, pink flowers in June
- Small valerian: 35 cm high, umbrella-shaped from May to June, white to pink flowers
Tips
Valerian is also often referred to as cat's herb, Valerian witch's herb.